FreddBloggs wrote: ↑Sun Nov 19, 2023 8:55 pm
Bollocks. Britain ended anyone making money from the slave trade, just as the trade was dropping off. It took a further 24 years for slavery to be banned in the empire though....
And it was only illegal in England, officially from 1773 (rex vs somerset, look it up). Important timing, what did 9 major slave owners do 3 years later?
After this point, britain just enslaved populations where they were instead of moving them, cheaper.
Britain stopped the transatlantic slave trade and formed the West India squadron in 1807 to stop others from carrying it out. The squadron was manned by volunteers and many freed slaves and Africans, who made up about a third of it's numbers.
In the 11th Century King William made the trade of slaves within England effectively illegal by enacting laws, after the conquest, that anyone doing it would be heavily fined. Then in 1102 the Church Issued a proclamation, following a synod (ie. the law making organisation of the Church) adopting canons against simony, clerical marriage and slavery. This meant that in England the slave trade was effectively outlawed by the two most powerful organisations in the realm, Church and State.
Because of this the slave trade didn't operate within England after this point and despite making up around 10% of the peasantry prior to the conquest by around 1125 slaves were virtually non existent in England.
I am very well aware of the single case you cite(Although it wasn't Rex vs Somerset, it was actually Somerset vs Stewart and was heard in 1772 with the verdict given on June the 22nd) but there are others. Granville Sharp in particular was very active in this and was consulted in the Somerset case due to his success in gaining the freedom of Jonathan Strong, a Barbadian slave brought to England, a couple of years earlier. The basis of the rulings in these cases was the earlier outlawing of slavery by Church and State, specifically applied as meaning that once a slave set foot on English soil he became a free man and general notions of civil liberty. Legal precedents had also been recorded in 1569, 1587, 1696, 1701 and 1706. All outlined that men could not be bought and sold in England with one judgement in 1701 explicitly saying that "...as soon as a negro come into England he becomes free". One judge in 1569 saying that "The air of England was too pure to be breathed by slaves". In 1750, Baron Thompson in Galway v. Cadee stated that a slave became free on arrival in England, and in 1762, in the case of Shanley v. Harvey, Lord Chancellor Henley declared that as soon as a man sets foot on English ground he is free. So it's difficult to argue the legality of slavery within England after the Norman Conquest!
At this time the slave trade was very much booming too, throughout the eighteenth century the average number of slaves transported across the Atlantic per year was around 65000, in the nineteenth century this dropped to around 59000 a year but only because Britain had dropped out of the trade. If you eliminate Britain's involvement in both then it's very clear that the numbers of slaves traded by those countries still doing it were increasing, especially prior to 1815, despite the efforts of the West Africa Squadron and that, had Britain followed suit with everyone else and carried on the absolute figures would have risen substantially as well. Certainly not an indicator of a trade in decline.
Of course English/British businessmen benefitted heavily from the slave trade but it's always overlooked how much the country did to stop it even in the face of rising trade by other countries and how this movement rose out of the lack of an indigenous slave trade in England for centuries.